Rainwater harvesting techniques

An overivew of some of the principle water harvesting techniques (Ethiopia)

How to build:

Bore well water recharge

What is a borewell recharge?: http://www.developmentlogics.com/blog/the-benefits-of-bore-well-recharge-technology-you-must-know/

(www.srdsindia.org)

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-nYI89cLyI [Hindi/English] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NliixNvK-vg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wN18GpSA1M [Hindi]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-nYI89cLyI [Hindi]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-J5Sy1RRdM (www.srdsindia.org)

Kamandalagundi, a remote village in central Karnataka is dry and thirsty. On an average, if the monsoon is good, the area receives around 350 mm rainfall in one year. This year the farmers say, they are prepared. The hope is that the monsoon is bountiful, but if not then they say they can sustain themselves and save their crops which mean gold to them. In a mission to recharge defunct borewells, the farmers dig a pit around the bore well first. Boulders are then filled into the pit. A huge perforated pipe is fit into the bore well.

Boulder check dam

What is a boulder check dam/gully plug?: http://archive.sswm.info/print/1525?tid=523

The film describes the construction of boulder checks for treating small streams and gullies under watershed interventions.

Saudi Arabia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lp1nwt_XmY0

-Tropics (Indonesia? – wooden stakes/peat)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNZUa_loLKA&feature=youtu.be

Conservation agriculture

The Phillipines
For more information: www.worldagroforestry.org

Rainwater harvesting is one component of the sustainable agriculture that can also help smallholder farmers cope with climate change. The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in the Philippines is working with smallholder farmers in the rural uplands to promote sustainable agriculture through integrating trees on farms.

Continuous Contour Trench (CCT)

What is a CCT? http://www.bebuffered.com/downloads/sussman_contour_trenches.pdf

25.02.2020 The Paani Foundation – how one village built CCTs, farm pond and boulder check dams in 45 days
Hindi language only. The aim of watershed management is to prevent rainwater from flowing away and help it to instead percolate into the soil. The watershed treatment known as Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) performs the function of a speed breaker on flowing water. Dug along contour lines, these trenches work efficiently if created scientifically with the help of the right tools. In this step-by-step instructional video you will see how CCTs are to be made using the help of a hydromarker. This training video has been created by Paani Foundation founded by Aamir Khan and Kiran Rao. This technique has successfully been implemented in hundreds of villages in Maharashtra with proven results. वाहत्या पाण्याला आणि गाळाला थांबवून मातीचा ओलावा आणि गावातल्या पाण्याची पातळी वाढवणारे सी.सी.टी. कसे बनवतात, हे गावकऱ्यांच्या मदतीने आपल्याला समजावून सांगत आहेत चतुरराव.

Demi-lune (half moon/semi-circular bund)

– West Africa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRHAGP2Sknc

Drip irrigation

Arizona Department of Water Resources
ZZ2 is a South African agricultural group that grows fruits and vegetables. They began working with Netafim almost 25 years ago, and have seen yields increase by more than 20 tons per hectare. Today ZZ2 farms over 3800 hectares of tomatoes, avocados, mangos and onions – all with drip irrigation.
Low quality water and soil are constant challenges for today’s sugarcane farmers. Netafim’s know-how and proper treatment can solve many of these problems by installing an irrigation room and sub-surface drippers. This combination will ensure controlled water pressure and the flow rate, so your sugarcane crops will receive what they need, exactly where they need it – directly to the root zone. Our systems are flexible and provide different amounts of water and nutrients according to the crop’s growing stages. Another advantage of Netafim’s drip system is its sustainability – during harvest the system is undamaged, which means it is already prepared for the next growing cycle, so setup costs in labor and equipment are drastically reduced.
Read more: http://www.netafim.com/crop/sugarcane
Sub-surface Drip Irrigation (SDI) – Your best long term irrigation system Used in Fields, orchards and vegetable crops, SDI is having an enormous and positive impact on the industry. SDI brings environmental, technical and commercial advantages by increasing yields and reducing resources over the long term. From the planning stage, through the growing stage – for multiple crops, water quality, climate and topography – SDI is a proven solution for modern farmers. See how SDI is used in corn fields – in every stage of its growth – again and again.

DIY Backyard Rainwater Harvesting Using Repurposed Food Grade Barrels [28.09.2014]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZC7A3621_hg

Earthern dam

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJx7hGwt9Ho

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLlvRk_tTd8&feature=youtu.be
[ज्यादातर हिंदी में/mostly in Hindi]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HEdLH1LDrs&feature=youtu.be
[in Hindi only]

Fanya juu terrace

East Africa
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDKplhZFzwU

Gabion

What is a gabion?: https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/gabion-types-uses/24459/

Gabions wall construction

Mexico/Southern Arizona (“trinchera”)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhAoh3O2mPM&feature=youtu.be

– Portugal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcB3B2G5uFY&feature=youtu.be

– India

https://www.youtube.com/watchtime_continue=582&v=MzICBlc9CLk&feature=emb_logo [ in Hindi only / फक्त हिंदीमध्ये ]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=0f1wj5XGsjE&feature=emb_logo

Irrigation pond (farm pond)

What is an irrigation pond?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=476&v=3LHe9I6QPu8&feature=emb_logo

Jal Khet (Water Fields): A documentary film on rainwater harvesting supported by the IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program, Anand: www.iwmi-tata.blogspot.com

– Ethiopia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj1snO-zn9A

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDawbqUlzd4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLs4yY4Fbrg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mPGVeLqYtU ( खेती में पानी का संरक्षण -फार्म तालाब का निर्माण )

Farm Ponds: For Rainwater Harvesting | शेततळं | Marathi Instruction
In Hindi only / हिंदी में ही

– USA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMoy3bE35Ho

Percolation tank

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mx-hYYBWolI (in Hindi)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt1RcXrtQ3E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN6nRz23siM
https://www.slideshare.net/cpkumar/hydrologic-design-of-a-percolation-tank-2490249

Road runoff harvesting

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nX8bU-Qu-M&t=3s

Soak pit

What is a soak pit?: https://sswm.info/factsheet/soak-pits

Soak pit construction in Yamunanagar in the Indian state of Haryana

-India

https://www.youtube.com/watch time_continue=71&v=bz53sZ810kA&feature=emb_logo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_kl-Rlo0hw [ in Hindi only / फक्त हिंदीमध्ये ]

Sand dam

What is a sand dam?: https://www.excellentdevelopment.com/what-is-a-sand-dam

– animation video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wkq540gsq2M&t=2s

Kenya

Sand dams are a key technology to improve water supply in semi-arid regions. A sand dam is a reinforced concrete wall built across seasonal river beds – 2 to 4 metres high and up to 90 metres across. Over one to three seasons, the dam fills up with water, then sand, which filters water clean and protects it from evaporation and parasites. About 40% of the volume behind the dam is water, meaning that sand dams can hold an incredible 2 to 10 million litres of water!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZhG_vxLCR8&t=58s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUiXwubtHAMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-FqlHQxvGk&t=29s

Stone line (bund)

Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger – Stone lines or (“bunds”) slow down runoff, incerease water infiltration and for the basis for improved production in semi-arid areas. At the same time, sediment is captured behind these semi-permeable barriers. Stone lines were originally a traditional technique in the Sahel, but have been improved by careful construction, and through alingning on the contour.
Al Baydah project, Saudi Arabia: The local Bedou community building stone lines

-Burkina Faso (the Sahel), Mali, Niger, Senegal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO16g4LgBjI   

-Kenya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pLT078lp9o

Swale (water absorption trench)

“A swale is a water harvesting ditch on contour with a soft mound on the lower side, designed to slow water down to a standstill, eliminate erosion, infiltrate the surrounding area with water, and recharge the groundwater table.” Geoff Lawton “Slow it, spread it, sink it”
The basic concept of a swale on contour is to catch water as it drains and hold it in place until it absorbs into the ground. It looks a bit like a massive ditch with closed ends, trapping all of the water as opposed to having it flow anywhere. Other swales systems, also known as diversion ditches or soil conservation swales, are meant slow down the movement of water in order to allow it to partially absorb, catch sediment, and/or prevent erosion while slowly ushering it elsewhere, like a reservoir. However, a swale on contour aims to keep all the water in place until it is absorbed.

-Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TUnJlbgDD0

– Canada

7.04.2012 Southern Alberta – a very dry area, and a great example of
a water harvesting swale off of a highway ditch.

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lzHlQ88jnQ4&feature=youtu.be

– Kenya (?)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzWfLA2wfuk

– Pacific North-west

– Saudi Arabia (Al Baydah project)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WUnQ4GeUZUA&t=147s

– USA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0bmKOSfyfrs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37yFSQygkFM (swale/percolation tank)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlu66Pombuo (contour lines)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRNUsovlkVw (stormwater management)

website: https://permaculturenews.org/2015/07/24/how-to-build-a-swale-on-contour-successfully/

Zaï (Tassa) planting pit

What is the zai pit system? https://www.echocommunity.org/en/resources/d676d269-5f1f-47f1-812a-ed6d3e253989

Bukina Faso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZImijf3gflo
– Niger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj1snO-zn9A

Tree planting (extreme environments)

Amazingly quick reforestation results achieved by the Salgado family and the Instituto Terra in Brazil. Photo: Sebastian Salgado

Reforestation methods and reforestation projects
https://reforestation.me/reforestation-methods/
A website whose topics include: Reforestation projects, reforestation methods, reforestation techniques, revegetation techniques, ecological restoration techniques, landscape rehabilitation

Lebanon: This documentary serves as a training tool to all reforestation practitioners who are willing to implement successful planting activities.

– Australia

Is “natural sequence farming” the secret to restoring our water-starved continent? For more than a decade, two farmers have shown that parched landscapes can be revived. And finally, Canberra’s listening.
Australian Story explores the potential solution to Australia’s drought crisis.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgocCk2pGlg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHBEdQ31rUk

website: https://reforestation.me/reforestation-methods/ 

– Dubai
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvc1Wm9KKro

– Ethiopia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tdr6nrsW5VI&t=653s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpUl00vUsAk&t=943s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMFbUEz9CAw&feature=em-comments

– Israel

The Negev desert, Israel: Planting trees to push back desertification and restore degraded sites

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK0nEV5dWBA

– Mexico
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhlbfvPPEFI

17.04.2014 The Philippines. In this video, you will see nursery practices before planting a seedling. The video was shot at Haribon’s Buhay Punlaan Nursery in Brgy. Lewin, Lumban, Laguna.

– Tajikistan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtGgvJi42AE

– Zambia (evergreen agriculture)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6l-6KJQeT4

Regenerative Agriculture

http://www.deeplivingproject.com.au Yandoit Farm in Victoria, Australia is going through some farm re-designs. The work is happening on three tiers- the Whole Farm Design is being led by Darren Doherty a regenerative agriculture expert with years of experience in keyline farm design. The Homestead design of 3.5 hectares of Permaculture style zoning, food forests and gardens and they are using Holistic Management to allow the decision makers behind Yandoit Farm to articulate their vision.
David Marsh speaks about his change moment from industrial agriculture to a more holistic approach that has seen his property have plentiful grass coverage even during drought. Follow David at www.arlash.com/blog a leader in regenerative agriculture.
Outside Bismarck, ND is a ranch that exemplifies a quiet revolution in commercial agriculture. While more and more consumers learn about the overwhelming benefits of eating healthfully (preferably local, organic food), a growing number of farmers and ranchers are weaning themselves from the grip of a small cartel of extremely powerful chemical “pharming” corporations. They are returning to a style of farming that had always existed before. Gabe & Paul Brown are a father and son who are not shy about showing off their beautiful land and visibly happy livestock. They practice what they call “Regenerative Farming” – a set of practices that encourage biodiversity and the natural enrichment of untilled soils. Improving soil health is a priority and no-till farming has been practiced since 1993. A diverse cropping strategy, which includes cover and companion crops are used. They have elimnated the use of synthetic fertilizers, fungicides, and pesticides and use no GMO crops. The result? Incredibly good food they produce for less than half the cost of chemical farming. Yep. Better food for less money with less damage to us and the planet. Win, win and win.

How to adopt a structured grazing programme

– Zimbabwe

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q7pI7IYaJLI

website: https://www.savory.global/holistic-management/

How to adopt a landscape watershed approach to sustainable land and water management

Tamera, Portugal: Sepp Holzer and Bernd Mueller explain the construction, the effect and the basic ideas for the construction of a water retention landscape: a local and natural solution to the global problem of disturbed water balance.

– Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vQW8Tl_KLc&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tj4nwzscuZ0&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4OBcRHX1Bc&t=105s

– Ethiopia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nak-UUZnvPI

– India
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sTZgv229wU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=–AuJ3up8Xs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnBGommXHXg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=–AuJ3up8Xs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To5-uiZavgY&t=599s

– Kenya
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bALh8riuXuU&feature=youtu.be

– Portugal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmXK1dncXLA

– Zimbabwe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22V4vUtNC8Q

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6_WZ789lpM&feature=youtu.be

Using sand dams to turn once arid soil into fertile farmland (Eastern Kenya)
Agroforestry can transform lives and landscapes. Trees and shrubs grown on farms provide fruit, timber, resins, fuelwood and livestock fodder. They also improve soil fertility, regulate water supplies and help farmers adapt to changing climatic conditions. (Ethiopia)

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